UC-MRLF 


B    3 


HOSE  ASCENDING  THE  STREAMS  FROM  TOLSEA. 


BRADLEE  WHIDDEW,  PUBLISHER-  18  ARCH   ST.   BOSTON 


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THE  SPORTING  GALLERY 
AND  BOOKSHOP,  INC. 

No.  38,  Rut  Knd  St.,  New  York  22 


THE  STii 


THe 


BY  EDWARD  /KNOBEL 


BOSTON:    PUBLISHED  BY  BRADLEE  WHIDDEN. 


BIOLOGY 
LIBRARY 


BIOLOGY 
LIBRARY 


INTRODUCTION. 

Full-grown  fishes  have  generally  some  distinct  marks  by  which  they  can  be  recognized  with  certainty. 
It  is  not  so  easy  with  the  young,  which  often  differ  greatly  from  the  old  ones  in  shape  as  well  as  in  color 
and  markings.  Their  eyes  are  proportionately  larger,  their  bodies  slimmer  (see  drawing  of  silvery  shiners). 
Young  salmon  have  black  crossbars  like  yellow  perch,  etc.,  etc.  Males  and  females  often  differ  greatly, 
particularly  in  the  spring. 

In  examining  a  young  fish,  compare  the  fins  with  the  description  in  the  key.  This  will  lead  to  a  cer- 
tain group  of  fishes ;  and  if  the  specimen  is  not  readily  found  among  them,  examine  the  shape  and  position 
of  the  mouth,  the  shape  of  the  gill  covers,  and  the  size  of  the  scales ;  find  by  measurement  how  many  times 
the  length  of  the  head  and  the  depth  of  the  body  are  contained  in  the  length  of  the  fish ;  then  compare 
the  specimen  in  these  respects  with  the  drawing  of  the  fish  most  like  it  in  other  particulars. 

The  Latin  names  of  fishes  have  often  been  changed.  The  names  here  used  are  taken  from  Prof.  D.  S. 
Jordan's  Manual  of  Vertebrate  Animals,  1894. 


M844819 


(3) 


Key  to  the  Fishes. 


Belly  fins  inserted  behind  breast  fins  : 
Back  fins  all  soft  rayed. 

Two  back  fins,  the  last  in  fleshy  hump ;  having  teeth     . 

no  visible  teeth 

One  back  fin  only  (the  second) ;  large  mouth  . 

small  mouth  . 


Nos.  I  to  7 

Nos.  8  to  10 
Nos.  ii  to  14 

Nos.  15  to  18 

One  back  fin  only      (the  first)      sucking  mouth Nos.  20  and  21 

body  cylindrical Nos.  22  to  28 

body  flat Nos.  19.  29  to  34 

Nos.  35  to  44 


Back  fins  spinous  rayed  ;  two  free  fins  . 

two  connected  fins 
")      One  sharp  stinging  spine  in  each  forward  fin 


Nos.  45  to  48 
Nos.  49  and  50 


No.  57 
No.  58 


Several  sharp  stinging  spines  instead  of  first  back  fin Nos.  51  to  56 

Belly  fins  inserted  in  front  of  breast  fin  on  the  throat : 

With  soft  rays 

With  spinous  rays 

With  no  belly  fins  : 

With  biting  mouth No.  59 

With  sucking  mouth Nos.  60,  6. 

(4) 


1.    The    Salmon.     GRILSE.     Salmo  salar. 

Length,  two  to  four  feet ;  weight,  fifteen  to  fifty  pounds.     Dark  bluish  or  black  on  the  back  ;  sides,  silvery  ;  belly, 
white.     (The  young  have  black  crossbars.) 

Formerly  entered  all  rivers  of  New  England,  but  is  now  caught  only  from  Maine  northwards. 
It  is  an  esteemed  foodfish,  and  its  capture  is  considered  the  highest  type  of  sport. 
The  Salmon  takes  live  bait  and  artificial  fly. 


(5) 


2.     The    Great    Lake  Trout.     LAKE    TROUT,    TOGUE,    SISCOWET,    TULADI,    MACKINAW    TROUT,    NAMAYCUSH, 
SALMON  TROUT,   LAKE  SALMON,   WINNIPISSOGEE  TROUT,    LUNGE.     Salvelinus  ttamayaish. 

Length,  up  to  three  feet ;  weight,  two  to  twenty  pounds.     Dark  gray ;  sides,  mottled ;  belly,  white. 
The  Great  Lake  Trout  lives  in  the  northern  and  western  lakes.     It  i.;  a  great  favorite  as  a  foodfish,  but  its  capture 
is  not  highly  considered  as  sport. 

The  Great  Lake  Trout  is  caught  by  spoonhook  or  bottom  fishing  with  live  bait. 


(6) 


3.     The  Brook  or  Speckled  Trout.     Salvelinusfontinalis. 

Length,  five  to  twenty  inches;  weight,  up  to  eleven  pounds.  Back,  black,  marbled  with  golden  gray  ;  side,  golden 
mottled,  barred  with  grayish  brown  and  covered  with  round  golden  yellow  and  red  spots  ;  belly,  white  with  rosy  tints. 
Lower  fins  red,  with  first  ray  white.  The  color  of  the  brook  trout  varies  considerably  according  to  locality. 

The  Brook  Trout  is  found  in  almost  all  cool  and  rapid-flowing  spring  brooks,  from  the  highest  mountain  to  the  low- 
shore,  where  it  enters  the  sea.  The  sea-going  trout  is  silvery  gray  in  color. 

The  Trout  is  the  choicest  of  foodfishes,  and  trout  fishing  is  considered  the  finest  sport. 

The  Trout  is  caught  with  worms,  grasshoppers,  live  bait,  and  artificial  flies. 

4.     The  Sunapee  Lake  Trout.     Salve/inns  aureolus. 
Length,  twelve  inches.    Color,  brown;  sides,  silvery  gray  with  small  orange  spots.    Similar  in  shape  to  S.fontina/is. 

5.     This  Blueback  or  Rangeley  Lake  Trout.     Salrelinus  oquassa. 
Length,  twelve  inches.     Color,  dark  blue  with  red  spots.     Body  narrower  and  longer  than  S.fontinalis. 


6.    The  Smelt.     Osmerus  mordax. 

length,  six  to  twelve  inches.     Back,  dark  greenish  black;  sides,  bright  silvery ;  eye,  large  and  of  orange  color; 
fins,  transparent;  teeth,  strong. 

The  Smelt  is  found  at  the  mouth  of  rivers.     It  is  a  favorite  foodfish,  and  bites  at  shrimps. 


7.     The  Capelin.     Mallotits  villosus. 

Length,  twelve  inches.     The  Capelin  is  like  the  smelt,  but  has  very  small  scales.     The  second  back  fin  is  longer 
than  that  of  the  smelt,  while  the  teeth  are  small. 
The  Capelin  is  found  from  Maine  northwards. 

(8) 


8.     The  Menomonee  Whitefish.     ROUNDFISH,  SHAD-WAITER.     Coregonus  quadr Hater alis. 

Length,  twenty  inches.     Color,  dark  bluish,  with  the  sides  paler  in  shade. 

The  Menomonee  Whitefish  lives  in  deep  lakes,  mostly  at  the  bottom,  and  is  found  in  New  Hampshire,  north  and 
west.     An  excellent  foodfish. 


(9) 


9.     The  Whiting.     SAULT  OR  MUSQUA  RIVER  WHITEFISH.     Coregontts  labradorius. 

Length,  twenty  inches.     Color,  bluish,  the  sides  silvery. 

The  Whiting  lives  north  and  west  from  the  White  Mountains,  and  like  the  Menomonee  is  an  excellent  foodfish 

10.     The  Common   Whitefisn.      Coregonus  dupeifonnis. 

Length,  thirty  inches.     Color,  bluish  black  on  back  ;  the  sides  silvery. 
The  Common  Whitefish  lives  in  the  great  western  lakes. 

(10) 


11.     The  Northern  Pike.     Esox  Indus. 

Length,  thirty  to  fifty  inches.    Color,  back,  dark  gray ;  sides,  light  lead  gray  in  confluent  bands  forming  light  spots: 
belly,  white  ;  blotchy  black  spots  on  fins  and  tail.     Snout,  long. 

The  Northern  Pike  is  generally  caught  with  spoonhooks  or  live  bait.     An  excellent  foodfish. 


12.     The  Brook  Pike.     BANDED  OR  LONG  ISLAND  TROUT,  PICKEREL,  POND  PIKE.     Esox  americanus. 
Length,  twelve  inches.     Color,  back,  black  ;  sides,  goldish,  crossed  by  dusky  blackish  bars  ;    fins,  red  tipped  and 
not  spotted  like  the  Northern  Pike.     Snout,  short. 

Lives  in  brooks,  ditches,  and  shallow  muddy  ponds.     A  good  foodfish.     Caught  with  worms. 


(12) 


13.     The  Pickerel.       CHAIN  PICKEREL,  JACK,  FEDERAL  PIKE.     Esox  reticulatus. 

Length,  thirty  inches.  Color,  back,  black  or  green ;  sides,  rich  gold  or  silvery  with  net  or  chain-like  marks ; 
belly,  white. 

The  Pickerel  lives  in  all  waters.  An  excellent  foodfish,  and  is  caught  with  frogs'  legs,  live  and  dead  bait,  and  the 
spoonhook.  Pickerel  fishing  is  the  favorite  sport  of  many  fishermen. 


14.     The  Muskalunge.     MUSCALONGE,  MUSKELLUNGE,  MASKINONGE.     Esox  masquinongy. 
Length,  eight  feet.     Color,  gray  with  black  spots.     Snout,  long. 
Lives  in  the  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  River. 

(IS) 


15.     The  Mud  Minnow.      Umbra  limi. 

Length,  four  inches.     Color,  back,  dark  olive  green,  with  lighter  lengthwise  stripes  on  sides. 
Lives  in  mudholes. 


16.     The  Killifish.     Fundulus  majalis. 

Length,  six  inches.     Color,  back,  olive  brown  ;  sides,  brassy  with  dark  crossbars. 
The  Killifish  lives  along  the  shore  in  shallow  water. 

(14) 


17.     The  Mumichog.     Fundulus  heteroditus. 

Length,  two  to  five  inches.     Color,  dark  olive  gaen  with  yellowish  spots,  and  a  little  silvery  on  sides- 
Lives  in  shallow  water  along  the  shore. 


18.     The  Fresh  Water  Killifish.     Fundulus  diaphanus. 

Length,  four  inches.     Color,  olive  brown  ;  sides,  silvery  with  narrow  crossbars. 
Lives  in  clear  streams  and  ponds. 


(15) 


19.     The  Broad  Killifish.     Cyprinodon  variegatus. 

Length,  two  to  four  inches.     Color,  steel  blue  or  green  ;  sides,  silvery  ;  belly,  coppery  ;  the  female  is  marked  with 
black  crossbars. 

Lives  along  the  South  Shore. 


(16) 


20.     The  Common  Sucker.     Catostomus  teres. 

Length,  six  to  eighteen  inches.  Body,  round.  Color,  back,  brownish  gray  ;  sides,  bluish  gray ;  belly,  pink. 
The  Common  Sucker  has  a  toothless,  sucking  mouth,  its  food  being  chiefly  vegetable. 

In  springtime  the  Sucker  ascends  the  brooks  to  spawn,  but  lives  generally  in  schools  at  the  bottom  of  rivers 
and  ponds.  It  rarely  takes  the  hook. 

When  taken  from  a  fresh  brook  the  meat  is  good  if  soon  cooked.  It  quickly  becomes  soft  and  often  of  a 
muddy  taste. 

(17) 


21.    The  Chub  Sucker.     Erimyson  sucetta. 

Length,  ten  inches.     Body,  compressed.     Color,  back,  bluish  gray ;  sides,  reddish  and  brassy  ;  no  middle  line  on 
sides  ;  otherwise  like  Catostom:ts  Ures. 


(18; 


22.     The  Chub.     ROACH.     Semotilns  bullaris. 

Length,  eighteen  inches.     Color,  back,  bluish  brown  ;  sides,  bright  silver  ;  fins,  plain. 
The  flesh  of  the  Chub  is  white,  soft,  and  bony. 
Lives  in  all  rivers  and  bites  at  worms. 


(19) 


23.     The  Dace.     COUSIN  TROUT.     REDFIN.     Semotilus  atromaculatus. 

Length,  twelve  inches.     Color,  back,  dusky  brown ;  sides,  a  little  silvery  ;  a  squarish  black  spot  at  beginning  of 
back  fin. 

The  Dace  lives  in  clear,  cool  brooks,  and  takes  worms  like  a  trout. 


(20) 


24.     The    Black-Nosed  Minnow.     Rhinichtys  atronasus. 

Length,  three  inches.     Color,  back,  greenish  black  ;    sides  and  belly,  light  with  a  black  band  lengthwise  ;  fins, 
red  or  orange. 

Lives  in  clear  streams. 


25.     The  Long=Nosed  Minnow.      Rhinichtys  cataractce. 
Leno-th,  six  inches.     Color,  dark  olive,  mottled,  with  no  band  on  sides. 


Lives  in  clear  streams. 


(21) 


26.     The  Fat-Headed  Minnow.    Pimephales  notatus. 

Length,  four  inches.     Color,  back,  olive  ;  sides,  bluish,  and  somewhat  silvery. 
Lives  in  sluggish  rivers. 


(22) 


27.     The  Black-Headed  Minnow.     Pimephales promelas. 

Length,  two  and  one-half  inches.     Color,  back,  olive  ;  head,  black. 
Lives  in  sluggish  brooks,  from  Lake  Champlain  west. 


28.     The  Bridled  Minnow.     Notropis  bifrenatus. 
Length,  two  inches.     Color,  buff,  with  black  lengthwise  stripe  on  side  ;  snout,  orange. 

The  introduced  ASIATIC  CARP,  Cyprinus  carpio,  and  CHINESE  GOLD  FISH,  Carassnis  auratus,  belong  to  this  group. 

(23) 


29.     The  Common  Shiner.     REDFIN.     DACE.     Notropis  cornutus. 

Length,  eight  inches.     Color,  back,  black  or  steel  blue ;  sides,  bright  silver  ;  cheeks,  goldish  ;  belly,  white,  and 
rounded  on  lower  edge  ;  scales  on  back,  blackish  at  root ;  fins,  reddish. 
Lives  everywhere  in  fresh  water,  and  is  caught  with  worms  or  flies. 


(24) 


30.     The  Golden  Shiner.     BREAM.     Notemigonus  chrysoleucus. 

Length,  twelve  inches.     Color,  back,  blackish  ;  sides,  bright  golden  ;  fins,  yellowish.     Lower  edge  of  belly  sharp. 
The  body  is  deeper  and  the  back  more  round  than  that  of  the  Notropis  cornutus. 
Lives  in  slow,  weedy  streams,  and  bites  at  worms. 

(25) 


31.     The  Alewife.     GASPEREAU,  BRANCH,  OR  WALL-EYED  HERRING.     Clupea fseudoharengus . 

Length,  fifteen  inches.     Color,  bluish  with  silvery  sides. 
Ascends  the  rivers  to  spawn. 


32.     The  Blueback.      GLUT  HERRING.      Clupea  cestivalis. 
Like  Clupea  pstudoharengus,  except  that  the  back  is  darker  in  color,  and  the  body  longer. 


C26) 


33.     The  Shad.      Clupea  sapidissima. 

Length,  thirty  inches.     Color,  back,  blue  ;  sides,  silvery. 

The  body  of  the  Shad  is  deeper  and  the  mouth  larger  than  that  of  the  Alewife. 

All  of  the  Clupea  species  are  excellent  foodfishes. 

34.     The   Hickory  or  Mud  Shad.      Dorosoma  cepedianum. 

Length,  fifteen  inches.     Color,  back,  bluish ;  sides,  silvery. 

With  the  exception  of  a  long  appendix  from  the  last  ray  of  the  back  fin,  the  Hickory  or  Mud  Shad  is  similar 
to  the  Shad. 

(•27) 


35.     The  Yellow  Perch.     Perca  (flavescens)  (americana)  jluviatilis. 

The  Yellow  Perch  grows  to  twelve  inches  in  length  and  to  one  pound  in  weight,  although  some  weighing  as 
high  as  four  pounds  have  been  caught.  Color,  back,  black  ;  sides,  greenish  yellow  with  black  stripes  ;  belly,  white  ; 
belly  fins  and  lower  hind  fins,  red ;  breast  fins  and  tail,  black  and  reddish  ;  back  fin,  black.  When  the  Yellow 
Perch  is  found  in  clear  water  or  sandy  bottoms,  the  colors  are  much  paler. 

The  Yellow  Perch  is  found  in  all  lakes,  ponds,  and  slow-flowing  streams,  and  when  taken  from  springy  water  is 
an  excellent  foodfish,  but  often  has  a  muddy  taste  when  found  in  swampy  ponds. 

Bites  readily,  even  on  hot  days,  taking  worms,  grasshoppers,  and  live  bait,  and  sometimes  rising  to  the  artificial  fly. 

(28) 


36.  The  Pike  Perch.    Stizostedion  canadense. 

Grows  to  twelve  inches  in  length.  Color,  grayish  sand  color  with  blackish  dots  and  dotted  stripes,  and  some 
irregular,  spattered  dots  on  fins. 

The  Pike  Perch  is  found  in  Lake  Champlain  and  waters  north  and  west,  and  is  caught  with  live  bait  and  by 
bottom  fishing. 

37.  The  Wall-Eye.      Stizostedion  vitreum. 

Length,  from  one  to  three  feet.  Similar  to  Stizostedion  canadense  except  for  five  or  six  regular  rows  of  dots  on  fins. 
Lives  in  the  waters  farther  west.     Both  the  Pike  Perch  and  the  Wall-Eye  are  highly  esteemed  as  foodfishes. 


(29) 


38.     The  White  Perch.     Morone  americana. 

Rarely  exceeds  twelve  inches  in  length  and  one  and  one-half  pounds  in  weight.  Our  handsomest  fish.  Color, 
back,  brown  or  black  ;  sides,  white  silvery  with  bluish  and  pinkish  reflections  ;  belly,  white  ;  fins,  blackish,  light 
reddish  on  outer  edge. 

The  White  Perch  lives  mostly  in  brackish  water,  from  which  it  retires  in  winter  to  the  sea.  In  summer  it  ascends 
fresh-water  rivers,  and  thrives  in  many  fresh-water  ponds,  from  which  it  cannot  return. 

Bites  readily  at  worms  and  live  bait,  and  is  extremely  gamy,  much  more  so  than  the  Yellow  Perch. 

(30) 


39.     The  Striped   Bass.     ROCKFISH.     Roccus  lituatus. 

Length,  three  to  five  feet.     Color,  back,  black;  sides,  silvery  with  black  lengthwise  stripes. 
Enters  the  mouth  of  rivers  to  spawn.  A  favorite  foodfish,  and  celebrated  among  fishermen  for  its  gamy  qualities. 
For  Striped  Bass  fishing,  shrimps,  clams,  fishbait,  pork,  and  artificial  flies  are  used. 

40.     The  White  Bass.     Roccus  chrysops. 

Length,  fifteen  inches.     Color,  like  Roccus  lituatus  ;  the  black  stripes  on  sides  being  somewhat  narrower,  how- 
ever, and,  while  quite  similar  in  shape  also,  is  broader,  like  Morone  amcricana. 
Lives  from  Lake  Champlain  westward,  in  quiet  water. 
The  White  Bass  is  a  good  foodfish,  and  is  caught  with  minnows  in  deep  water. 

(31) 


41.     The  Olmsted  Darter.     Etheostoma  olmstedi. 

Length,  three  and  one-half  inches.    Color,  olive  brown  with  blotches  and  zigzag  marks  on  sides ;  fins,  speckled. 
Lives  in  small  brooks. 


42.     The  Log  Perch.     HOGFISH.     Etheostoma  caprodes. 
Length,  six  to  eight  inches.     Color,  yellowish  green  with  many  light  and  dark  crossbars;  fins,  barred. 


43.     The  Spindle  -Shaped    Darter.     Etheostoma  fusiforme. 

Length,  two  inches.     Color,  olive,  mottled  with  brown  ;  sides,  dusky  crossbars  and  red  spots. 
Lives  in  slow-running  brooks  and  mudholes. 

(32) 


44.     The  Silversides.     Menidia  notata. 

Length,  five  inches.      Color,  transparent  green,  a  broad,  silvery,  lengthwise  stripe,  and  each  scale  marked  on 
the  edge  by  a  dark  spot. 

Lives  along  the  seacoast. 

45.     The  Small. Mouthed   Black  Bass.     Micropterus  dolomieu. 

(See  cut  on  next  page.} 

Length,  one  to  two  feet.     Weight,  two  to  seven  pounds.      Color,  olive  green  with  black  dots  and  brownish 
markings. 

46.     The  Large-Mouthed  Black  Bass.     GREEN  BASS.    OSWEGO  BASS.     BAYOU  BASS.     Micropterus  salmoides. 

(See  cut  of  head  on  next  page •.) 

Length,  one  to  two  and  one-half  feet.     Weight,  two  to  eight  pounds.     Color,  dark  green,  silvery  below. 
Differs  from  Micropterus  dolomieu  chiefly  on  account  of  its  large  mouth. 

(33) 


The  Black  Bass  are  southern  fishes  transplanted  into  New  England  waters  on  ac- 
count of  their  gamy  qualities,  but  opinions  differ  in  regard  to  their  value  as  foodfishes. 

Both  bite  voraciously  at  worms,  live  bait,  hellgramites  and  spoonhooks,  and  show 
gallant  fight  when  hooked. 

47.    The  Sunfish.      BREAM.     PUMPKIN  SEED.     Lepomis  gibbosus.     (See  cut  opposite?) 
Length,  eight  inches.     Color,  back,  olive  green  ;  sides,  bluish  ;  belly,  yellow. 

Common  in  quiet,  shallow  waters,  where  it  occupies  certain  spots  as  a  regular  dwelling-place.     Being  very  bony, 
it  is  of  little  account  as  a  foodfish.     The  Sunfish  bites  readily  at  worms. 

(34) 


48.     The  Long-Eared  Sunfish.     Lcpomis  auritits. 

Length,  eight  inches.    Resembles  L.gibbosus,  but  narrower  and  reddish  below. 
Easily  identified  by  the  long  ear  flaps. 

(35) 


49.     The  Hornpout.     CATFISH.    BULLHEAD.    MINISTER.     Amiunts  nebulosus. 

Grows  to  eighteen  inches  in  length.  Color,  yellowish,  greenish  brown  or  black ;  mottled  sides,  white  beneath. 
Armed  with  a  sharp  spine  in  back  and  breast  fins,  which  often  produces  a  painful  wound  when  brought  in  contact 
with  the  hand  of  the  fisherman. 

Abounds  everywhere  in  muddy  ponds  or  quiet  nooks  of  rivers,  shunning  the  sunlight  and  biting  during  the  day- 
time only  in  dark,  shady  places,  feeding  at  night.  The  Hornpout  takes  worms,  live  and  dead  fish  bait,  or  any 
meat. 

The  value  of  the  Hornpout  as  a  foodfish  depends  upon  the  water  from  which  it  is  taken,  being  excellent  -when 
found  in  clear  water,  but  is  often  muddy  in  taste. 

50.    The  White,  Silver,  or  Channel-Cat.     Ictahtrus functatus. 

Grows  to  three  feet  in  length.      Color,  olive  gray  with  brown  spots  and  silvery  sides,  otherwise  like  the  Hornpout. 
Lives  in  rivers. 


51.     The  Common  Stickleback.     Gasterosteus  aculeatus. 

Length,  four  inches.     Color,  back,  olive,   dotted;  sides,   silvery.     Three  spines  on  back,  two  of  them  being 
before  the  fin  ;  also  one  spine  in  hind  belly  fin. 

Lives  along  the  shore  at  the  mouth  of  brooks  and  rivers. 

52.     The  Black  Stickleback.      Gasterosteus  wheatlandi. 
Three  spines  connected  with  the  back  fin. 

53.     The  Slender  Stickleback.      Gaterosteus  atkinsii. 
Length,  one  and  one-half  inches.     Three  spines  connected  with  the  back  fin. 
Lives  on  the  Maine  coast. 

54.     The  Four-Spined  Stickleback.     Apetta  quadrants, 

Length,  two  inches.      Color,  dark  olive,  mottled  ;  belly  fins,  red.       Four  spines  in  back  fin  and  one  in  hind 
belly  fin. 

55.     The   Brook  Stickleback.     Eucalia  inconstans. 
Length,  two  and  one-half  inches.     Color,  black  with  red  tints.       Five  spines  on  back  and  one  in  lower  hind  fin. 

56.     The  Nine-Spined  Stickleback.     Pygosteus pungitius. 

Length,  two  and  one-half  inches.     Color,  olive,  spotted  and  striped  with  black.     Ten  spines  on  back  and  one 
in  lower  hind  fin. 

(37) 


57.     The  Burbot.     LAWYER,  LING,  CUSK.     Lota  lota  (mactilosd). 

Length,  thirty  inches.     Color,  dark  olive,  thickly  marbled  and  streaked  with  black. 

Lives  in  swampy  lakes. 

The  Burbot  is  in  very  little  favor  in  this  country  as  a  foodfish,  but  is  highly  esteemed  as  such  in  Europe. 


58.     The  Millersthumb.     FRESH-WATER   SCULPIN.     Coitus  g> acilis. 

Length,  four  inches.     Color,  olive,  mottled  ;  edge  of  back  fin,  red. 
Lives  in  mountain  brooks. 

(38) 


59.     The  Eel.     Anquilla  anqiiilla. 

Grows  to  three  feet  in  length.     Color,  greenish  brown  ;  belly,  lighter  yellowish. 

The  Eel  ascends  the  rivers  and  brooks  in  the  spring,  returning  in  the  fall  to  the  seashore,  where  it  winters, 
sometimes  in  great  numbers  cuddled  together  in  the  deep  holes  of  the  river  beds. 

During  the  day  the  Eel  hides  in  the  mud,  but  at  night  is  found  in  all  waters,  a  voracious  and  destructive  animal 
feeder.  Bites  readily  at  worms,  dead  or  live  fish,  or  meat. 

As  a  food  the  flesh  of  the  Eel  is  considered  very  fine,  although  rich. 


(39) 


60.     The  Lamprey  or   Lumper.     EEL.     Petromyzon  marinus. 

Grows  to  three  feet  in  length.  Color,  dark  brown,  mottled  or  spotted  on  greenish  white  ground. 
The  Lamprey  has  a  sucking  mouth  and  seven  holes  on  each  side  of  the  neck  instead  of  gills,  otherwise  it  is  like 
the  Eel. 

Retires  to  the  sea  to  hibernate. 

61.     The  Lampern.     Petromyzon  fluviatilis . 

Length,  ten  inches.     Color,  back,  bluish  or  brown,  lighter  beneath.     Shaped  like  a  diminutive  Lamprey. 
Both  the  Lamprey  and  the  Lampern  are  highly  esteemed  in  Europe  as  foodfishes. 


(40) 


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